RuO2
Ruthenium dioxide · Ruthenium(IV) oxide
Ruthenium dioxide is a stable, semiconducting oxide widely utilized as a high-efficiency catalyst for oxygen-evolution reactions in electrochemical devices.
About Ruthenium dioxide
Ruthenium dioxide is a robust, semiconducting oxide that holds a prominent position in the field of electrochemistry. As a thermodynamically stable material, it is highly valued for its structural integrity and its ability to facilitate efficient charge transfer during complex chemical reactions.
Because of its exceptional catalytic activity, this compound is a primary choice for oxygen-evolution reactions. It serves as a critical component in advanced energy technologies, particularly where high conductivity and long-term stability under harsh operating conditions are required.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Ruthenium dioxide, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for RuO2, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P42/mnm (No. 136) | tetragonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -7.848 | 7.07 |
| Pa-3 (No. 205) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0648 | -7.783 | 7.78 |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.61 | 0.1881 | -7.660 | 7.71 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 7.32 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 7.90 |
| P21/m (No. 11) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 2.20 |
| P21/m (No. 11) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 2.35 |
| P21/m (No. 11) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 2.58 |
| P-1 (No. 2) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 7.35 |
| P-1 (No. 2) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 9.31 |
| P-1 (No. 2) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 8.36 |
| P-1 (No. 2) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 6.85 |
Applications
Where Ruthenium dioxide is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Ruthenium dioxide, answered from cross-validated data.
What is RuO2?
Ruthenium dioxide is a stable, semiconducting oxide widely utilized as a high-efficiency catalyst for oxygen-evolution reactions in electrochemical devices.
What is RuO2 used for?
What is the band gap of RuO2?
Is RuO2 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is RuO2 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of RuO2?
What is the density of RuO2?
How many polymorphs of RuO2 are known?
What elements does RuO2 contain?
Where does the data for RuO2 come from?
How It Compares
Within the oxide oxygen-evolution catalysts class.
Unlike many of the lithium-based transition metal oxides in its class, such as LiCoO2 or LiMn2O4 which are primarily utilized for their intercalation properties in battery cathodes, RuO2 is distinguished by its superior performance as an electrocatalyst for water splitting. While materials like LaMnO3 or BiFeO3 are often studied for their magnetic or multiferroic properties, RuO2 is specifically optimized for its surface reactivity and electronic transport characteristics, making it one of the most effective catalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction.
Related Compounds
Other Oxide Oxygen-Evolution Catalysts in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
- mpaloe — Data from mpaloe.
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